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Calgary (/ˈkælɡəri/ (listen) KAL-gər-ee; locally: KAL-gree) is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is the largest city in Alberta and the largest metro area within the three Prairie Provinces region. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, making it the third-largest city and fifth-largest metropolitan area in Canada.

Calgary is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the southwest of the province, in the transitional area between the Rocky Mountain Foothills and the Canadian Prairies, about 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies, roughly 299 km (186 mi) south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and approximately 240 km (150 mi) north of the Canada–United States border. The city anchors the south end of the Statistics Canada-defined urban area, the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor.[11]

Calgary's economy includes activity in the energy, financial services, film and television, transportation and logistics, technology, manufacturing, aerospace, health and wellness, retail, and tourism sectors.[12] The Calgary Metropolitan Region is home to Canada's second-largest number of corporate head offices among the country's 800 largest corporations.[13] In 2015, Calgary had the largest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city.[14] In 2022, Calgary was ranked alongside Zürich as the third most livable city in the world, ranking first in Canada and in North America.[15] In 1988, it became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games.

Etymology
Calgary was named after Calgary Castle on the Isle of Mull in Scotland.[16] Colonel James Macleod, the Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police, had been a frequent summer guest there. In 1876, shortly after returning to Canada, he suggested its name for what became Fort Calgary. The Scottish Calgary, in turn, originates from a compound of kald and gart, Old Norse words, meaning "cold" and "garden". This was likely used by the Vikings who inhabited the Inner Hebrides.[17] A competing, though less attested, etymology cites the Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, which means "beach of the meadow (or pasture)", or Gaelic for either "clear running water" or "bay farm".[16] The first possibility, "beach of the meadow", has some relevance to local geography. The town of Calgary, such as it is, has a large meadow to its east and this meadow leads to Calgary beach.

The Indigenous peoples of Southern Alberta refer to the Calgary area as "elbow", in reference to the sharp bend made by the Bow River and the Elbow River. In some cases, the area was named after the reeds that grew along the riverbanks, reeds that had been used to fashion bows. In the Blackfoot language (Siksiká) the area is known as Mohkínstsis akápiyoyis, meaning "elbow many houses", reflecting its strong settler presence. The shorter form of the Blackfoot name, Mohkínsstsisi, simply meaning "elbow",[18][19][20] is the popular Indigenous term for the Calgary area.[21][22][23][24][25] In the Nakoda or Stoney language, the area is known as Wîchîspa Oyade or Wenchi Ispase, both meaning "elbow".[18][20] In the Cree language, the area is known as otôskwanihk (ᐅᑑᐢᑿᓂᕽ) meaning "at the elbow"[26] or otôskwunee meaning "elbow". In the Tsuutʼina language (Sarcee), the area is known as Guts’ists’i (older orthography, Kootsisáw) meaning "elbow".[18][20] In Kutenai language, the city is referred to as ʔaknuqtapȼik’.[27] In the Slavey language, the area is known as Klincho-tinay-indihay meaning "many horse town", referring to the Calgary Stampede[18] and the city's settler heritage.[20]

There have been several attempts to revive the Indigenous names of Calgary. In response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, local post-secondary institutions adopted "official acknowledgements" of Indigenous territory using the Blackfoot name of the city, Mohkínstsis.[23][24][28][29][30] In 2017, the Stoney Nakoda sent an application to the Government of Alberta, to rename Calgary as Wichispa Oyade meaning "elbow town";[31] however, this was challenged by the Piikani Blackfoot.[32]